Teenagers Life free essay sample

Life Teenager is where the physical and state of mind of an individual creates which happens among youth and adulthood. It begins at age 13 for young men and 12 in young ladies. In youngsters life, we should be more autonomy than previously. It is the hour of adolescence as well. During the young life, an individual have a few changes. It includes physical, enthusiastic, mental and mental changes. The physical changes will be changes in the body. Maybe the most significant changes are connected to sexual development. It is during the teenager years that the body develops into an explicitly develop, and there are a wide range of physical attributes that create because of this development. What's more, the passionate changes, they think this way: start to understand that convictions are the consequence of a reasoning procedure, come to comprehend others think as well, and their own convictions on a specific subject may contrast from those of others, may comprehend others have various thoughts regarding similar points, yet they despite everything don't comprehend that others may consider various themes out and out. We will compose a custom exposition test on Young people Life or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page That’s why individuals feel more earnestly when they live in youngsters life. They’re labile and now and then get mistake for themselves, and for the most part they get a bigger number of issues than previously. In view of the unsteadiness of young people, the greater part of them can impacted effectively with their around. It tends to be acceptable propensities, yet typically, young people affected with negative behavior patterns like expend drugs, liquor, free affiliation, go through cash excessively, over the top way of life, and threatening vibe with one another as a result of scramble beau/sweetheart. Adolescents have changed in examination with the teenagers previously, considering dietary patterns, a functioning lifestyle, investing free energy and garments. They are a â€Å"technology† age. For youngsters in todays’ world cell phones, web, music, motion pictures, TV and computer games are significant. Most adolescents lean toward sitting in front of the TV and playing PC games to understanding books. Teenagers eat there undesirable food. They eat an excessive amount of inexpensive food, for example, McDonald. As a youngster, we should be cautious with our affiliation. We should be savvy to pick companions, and sort the great and unfortunate propensities. We can to impersonate the great propensities, however we need to stay away from the negative behavior patterns. Youngster additionally need to recollect, that a sound way of life requires, yet they likewise should not disregard individual cleanliness. Continue eating well food, increasingly tenacious, study, and reduction the PC, web, TV, and games time.

Remittance as a social responsibility for development Essay

National Defense: A Political Perspective Essay -- essays research pap

National Defense: A Political Perspective      The guard of our country has consistently been a solid issue all through America’s political history. Despite the fact that our country has not existed an extensive stretch of time, our nation has needed to wage war to make the world safe for vote based system commonly. Nonconformists and preservationists are additionally continually extremely worked up over the issue of the most ideal approach to guard the nation.      One of the principal issues in the progressing banter is that of a Ballistic Missile Defense program. The thought was first pitched during the strained time of the Cold War. Colin Powell, a conspicuous moderate, saw Missile Defense â€Å"at the time the time not as an Utopian dream yet as a valuable method of tossing a panic into the war organizers of the Soviet Union†(Keller, 1). Normally, Republicans as far back as Ronald Reagan have grasped the possibility of a â€Å"Shield† against the antagonistic goals of any country with ballistic rockets, yet many stay wary of a mechanical reliance that such a framework would cause. George W. Bramble has confidence in a constrained Missile Defense program, yet so as to found propelled testing of the innovation, a path around the A.B.M. bargain would need to be found. This bargain was made so as to diminish the atomic weapons store of both Russia and the United States. Preservationists for the most part hold onto t he program as a feasible answer for one of the nation’s top priority’s in country barrier.  â â â â ...

The Great American Illusion :: Free Essay Writer

The Great American Illusion The Great Gatsby, composed by Scott F. Fitzgerald in the 1920’s is the embodiment of the Jazz Age, an expression instituted by the creator himself. In the novel, Fitzgerald utilizes numerous artistic components to precisely depict the timeframe in which he lived including setting, characters, lingual authority, and numerous images, which structure most of the investigative part of the story. Indeed, a considerable lot of the characters in the book serve as an image, so as to fortify a specific theme or subject inside the novel. The most evident, repeating and ground-breaking topic in the book is the debasement of the American Dream during the Jazz Age. Despite the fact that numerous researchers accept that Fitzgerald is advancing the Dream, he is really censuring it and a big motivator for it. This subject is utilized related to the theme of appearance versus reality to scrutinize further the â€Å"single green light, minute and far away† (25) that numerous Americans ha ve strived for: budgetary achievement, notoriety, force and greatness. Fitzgerald wonderfully utilizes the character Gatsby to show the figment that is the American Dream that, in all actuality, is an incredibly degenerate and eager work on during the unrestrained and blatant period of the 1920’s. Essentially, Fitzgerald utilizes Gatsby to show the defilement and the insatiability that devours and decimates the supporters of the Dream. When Gatsby understands that he can't be with Daisy in his childhood due to his social class, he chooses to clear his own specific manner by moving to her social class. Some time ago James Gatz, â€Å"he [invents] the kind of Jay Gatsby that a seventeen-year-old kid would probably design, and to this origination he was devoted to the end† (95), starting his quest for a higher social class. Gatsby is eager to surrender the establishment of family and his legacy so as to increase financial riches like a significant number of the migrants approaching America to get by. This bad habit of Gatsby’s help the reader’s negative view towards the primary character and further censures the possibility of the American Dream, on account of the need of cash over family esteems. After his takeoff from Cody, Gatsby procures his cash from cle arly warped procedures. Indeed, even with his violations not being known, it very well may be expected that he is a scalawag and oversteps existing laws. This can be seen when his gathering visitors guess about whether he â€Å"killed a man† or if â€Å"he was a German covert operative in the war† (47).

Traditional And Modern Cooking In Italian â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Traditional And Modern Cooking In Italian? Answer: Presentation This investigation means to characterize new ideas on the modernisation of Italian eateries just as realness identified with the conventional strategies in Italian cooking. This examination is essentially looking at the hugeness of development in the Italian eateries and customary qualities for the local Italians. Be that as it may, it has been found in huge numbers of the past examines that combination of customary and present day strategies are the most acknowledged type of Italian food outside Italy. Besides, it can likewise be seen that eating propensities are additionally changing and upsetting now and again (Jenkins, 2012). Therefore, in the current examination it very well may be inferred that food industry has dynamic and impulsive nature that drives it to decide new courses in the cooking industry procedure and methods where Italian cooking is no special case. Foundation Literature Hazan, 2012 portrays that customary strategies for cooking have been an intense task for todays way of life as it incorporates moderate cooking methods, maturations and canning which is a procedure and methodology of time. Conventional techniques for cooking are progressively flavourful for locals and involved some essential feasting propensities. Be that as it may, in the current situation, everyone is occupied with their work and life. Not every person needs to give their time just for preparing or needs every supper after so much persistence and time. It has likewise been seen that the taste and kind of customary dishes with the conventional techniques are not being acknowledged by individuals outside the nation of the dish (Hazan, 2012). In the opposite, globalization and migration of Italians in the other piece of the world has presented some new imaginative dishes which incorporates the taste and combination of the flavors and culture of other nation with the customary techniqu es. Furthermore, Waters (2011) explains that the combination procedure and strategy has generally acknowledged by the world and changed the realness of the conventional Italian suppers. Not just has this changed the conventional strategies for the Italian dishes yet additionally affected the severe eating propensities safeguarded by the Italians for breakfast, lunch and suppers blends. Then again, it has been investigated that the combination of Italian suppers in a café is a basic advancement that encourages it selling their dishes more than the customary one (Waters, 2011). Conventional food by grandma or mother depended on the taste that is being acquainted with a kid from the beginning and which is season with affection for mother towards her family. Parent Literature According to, Cassi, 2011, in this cutting edge period, everyone needs something new and imaginative to sooth their taste buds. Because of globalization, in food industry such a significant number of flavors, flavors and societies are blended which has supplanted the conventional qualities and societies. Today, such huge numbers of cafés are well known for their blended combination of customary and present day techniques which are adored by everyone and procuring loads of cash out of that modernization (Cassi, 2011). Customary strategies in Italian cooking requires some serious energy like moderate cooking for upgraded flavors safeguarding of specific things in a particular temperature and time which can't be actualized by eateries in current circumstances. Cheap food administrations with proper tastes and flavors more than customary strategy is must for the endurance of the eateries. Consequently, receiving originality in the Italian dishes are significant which is additionally dri ven by the models, for example, Barilla organization is creating numerous Italian items which helps individuals in making speedy Italian dishes with great taste and high caliber of food. It has additionally applied numerous conventional methods of Italian kitchen to impact the validness of the food and exclusive expectations of information fixings (Cassi, 2011). In the assessment of Taylor, 2012 correspondence and promoting food is likewise fundamental for any cafés that encourages ubiquity in the market and increment its salary. The inputs of the clients to improve the food quality and embrace its taste as per the territorial clients are another method of market correspondence that helps the cafés in their reality. Albeit local Italians may not concur with the combination of Italian dishes as they accept and cook their food like ceremonies and with certain feasting propensities which are not justifiable by others, yet comprehensively Italian dishes are cherished with certain corrections and blended in with some different flavors just (Taylor, 2012). Indeed, even in bygone eras Italian kitchens was just had high caliber of olive oils, salt, dark pepper and herbs with cheddar as fundamental dish fixings, at that point workers from different spots presented different vegetables like potatoes, corns, tomatoes and beans which are being cultiva ted and incorporated in essential Italian dishes. In this manner, it tends to be incorporated that food in the Italian kitchen was never founded on just explicit fixings and strategies and changes in the Italian kitchen was steady from the earliest starting point (Taylor, 2012). Quick Literature As indicated by Hackman, (2015) the adjustments in the cutting edge eateries of Italian kitchens are chiefly incorporates a portion of the standards and extents that are not conventional or denied. For instance, garlic in the dishes are utilized as a most significant fixing and featured in the flavor, while Italians doesn't concur with this strategy as a convention. Onions are additionally utilized as dubious fixing in the customary kitchen with present day procedure of cooking (Hackman, 2015). It has likewise been seen that straightforward pasta dish with cheddar and basils were one of the most widely recognized dinners of Italians which was never considered as a fundamental supper in the cafés. Besides, Hackman shows a portion of the eating propensities like contribution cappuccino with croissant is only a morning meal thing which isn't served evening in Italy, then again there is no standard applies in anyplace else. Some more delineations like pasta is constantly bubbled somewhat half-cooked in Italian custom, states of pasta is explicitly connected with its sauces and fixings and no meatball pasta idea is there (Hackman, 2015). Alongside this, no cheddar is included fish pasta recopies. In this way, these conventions are not being trailed by todays cafés because of interest of flavor and tastes by the neighborhood clients of the eateries. End In this way, from the above writing survey it tends to be broke down that conventional techniques are just trailed by the locals or Italians, anyway combination adaptation of Italian dishes are enjoyed by most of the populace. From this perception, Italian cafés around the globe are changing their approaches to cook Italian dishes in present day styles that are progressively reasonable in the specific locale. References Cassi, D. 2011. Science and cooking: the time of atomic food. EMBO Reports 12(3),pp. 191-196. Hackman, R. 2015. What do genuine Italians think about New York's Italian food? [Online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2015/sep/18/what-do-genuine italians-consider new-yorks-italian-food [Accessed on: 11 September, 2017]. Hazan, M. 2012. The Essentials of Classic Italian Cooking. Dish Macmillan. Jenkins, S. 2012. In Italian Food, What's Authentic and Does It Really Even Matter? The bookkeeping. August Issues. [Online] Available at: https://www.theatlantic.com/wellbeing/file/2012/02/in-italian-food-whats-bona fide and-does-it-truly much issue/253346/[Accessed on: 11 September, 2017]. Taylor, A. L. 2012. Has Italian food lost its 'legitimacy'? [Online] Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/food/0/19648820 [Accessed on: 11 September, 2017] Waters, A. 2011. Plans and Lessons from a Delicious Cooking Revolution. The board UK.

Contradictory Essay Examples - Identifying Thesis and Contraversal Ideas

Contradictory Essay Examples - Identifying Thesis and Contraversal IdeasContradictory ideas or essays can be expressed in the form of a thorough written composition through thesis-based or controversial essay samples. Both types of thesis-based and controversial essay samples make it possible for students to express their most brilliant and creative ideas.A thesis can be used as a guide for the student in conducting a more constructive essay composition. However, it can also be employed to identify the area that a student intends to write about. As an example, if the student chooses to focus on grammar, it is possible to consider how the essay will read from the perspective of grammar. Whether it is through a topical topic or a less demanding technical discipline, the student will be able to capture the essence of a topic through a thesis statement.Another approach to incorporating an interesting contraversal into a typical essay is through the use of multiple tenses or situations. I n other words, one can attempt to state an idea in different ways depending on whether it is written in a formal or informal tone.Along with constant usage of the present tense, there are also varying uses of the future tense. This concept is already present in the writing process when a student is attempting to come up with a thesis statement. But, an essay like this can be used in a modern situation where a new technology is about to be introduced.Thesis-based and controversial essay samples are not only effective in approaching a topic but they are also useful in helping a student to organize the various details that are involved in a particular topic. The purpose is to demonstrate how ideas are presented in the formation of a thesis statement and how these ideas are presented within a specific essay.By comparing and contrasting concepts, thesis-based and controversial essay samples allow a student to capture the essence of each conceptin a few short sentences. While doing so, it is also possible to create a shorter version of the original essay that features different terms. This method of outlining can be helpful in the creation of an outline.Both types of essay samples may employ different approaches to convey the ideas. However, there are several factors that can affect the efficiency of the different types of essay samples. It is these same factors that are responsible for the different levels of expressiveness.When a student is provided with the proper tools, they can easily achieve the perfect expression of a concept or idea by using the right approach. A good example is seen when a student is faced with a very detailed project. The student can select the appropriate topics and allow the underlying concepts to form the basis of the composition.

Nationalism, Enemies, and US Foreign Policy - Free Essay Example

Nationalism, Enemies, and US Foreign Policy Abstract Democracies across the world have been moving in more nationalist directions over the past few years. This trend seemed to culminate in 2016 in the passage of the Brexit referendum in the United Kingdom (UK) and the election of Donald Trump in the United States (US). Still, it is impossible to know if this trend will continue[SW1]. A defining characteristic of nationalism in principle and in practice today is an inward focus on ones own country and the exaltation of its own interests as the highest good, the primus inter pares[SW2] over which no other interests can take priority. Depending on the case, this newfound (or revived) dedication to the affairs of ones home state can be a positive development or a negative pivot. But in all cases, this change puts individual states at odds with international mediating institutions, and, often, in conflict with each other as well. So, what does this trend toward nationalism and away from internationalism portend for foreign relations and cooperation between states? This paper seeks to frame and explain that problem as it relates to the work of German political and legal theorist Carl Schmitt. It considers his text The Concept of the Political alongside other books, including Thomas Hobbess Leviathan and a selection of essays and articles by the foreign policy realist J ohn Mearsheimer to evaluate the pros, cons, and differences of a more nationalist approach to international relations. Later, the paper contends that the spread of nationalism could be a productive counterweight to the excesses of liberal internationalism that have brought bloodshed and provided that the friend-enemy distinctions that2016 was a year in politics that left virtually everyone, experts included, confused. No less shocked were those who celebrated the outcomes of the Brexit referendum in the United Kingdom (UK) and the election in the United States (US). Still, looking back, those events, momentous and surprising as they were, fit into a larger pattern, namely the rise of nationalism in the world. From Austria to Mexico to the Philippines, people are and have been electing leaders to oppose the status quo and to more aggressively advocate for their national interests. A full discussion of the policy implications of these elections is beyond the scope of this brief eight-page paper. Consequently, this essay looks only at what nationalism means for the future of international relations, both between states and between institutions. This essay does not focus on the factors that give rise to nationalism, however at least not directly. Rather, it examines how nationalism can and likely will change the nature of foreign policy and global cooperation and contends that it may institute positive, stability-improving reforms. To fully appreciate these changes and to see how they might lead to healthy developments in foreign affairs, the paper argues that it is important to read Carl Schmitt, Thomas Hobbes, and selections from John Mearsheimer to make sense of nationalism vis-à ­Ã‚  -vis global politics and international stability. Before jumping into a discussion on the effects of nationalism on foreign policy, a brief overview of foreign policy itself is necessary. Broadly speaking, international affairs are not so different from domestic politics. There are self-interested actors with means for reaching resolutions and for escalating conflicts; economic and social considerations to weigh before acting; and there are also coalitions, alliances, and rivalries on this global stage. In many respects international actors are similar to domestic agents. There is one critical difference, however: unlike politics within a state, there is no system of laws or norms to authoritatively guide political disputes between states. The absence of a clear, respected, and powerful sovereign authority ultimately renders international politics distinct from domestic affairs. Obviously, this creates certain issues of cooperation and proportion, i.e., states may not work together or treat each other well. One way to conceptualize this dilemma inherent in international relations is through Thomas Hobbess famous conception of a state of nature. In Leviathan, he defines this analytical situation as one in which all [fight against] all in a chaotic scramble for security and access to resources (Veltman p.81). Although bleak, Hobbess characterization of an authority-less political milieu captures the reality of power politics (machtpolitik), which is that states that can pursue their own interests will even if that means running roughshod over weaker states. The great worry about this situation is that the potential for violence is omnipresent and the likelihood of cooperation is extremely low. The twentieth century alone is replete with instances in which machtpolitik brought nations, ethnic and religions minorities, and even civilization to the brink of destruction. In an attempt to get out of the Hobbesian security-dilemma that exists in the disorderly state of nature (a type of collective action problem whereby actors arm based on their perception that they are in danger, which in turn causes other actors to arm themselves), nations and empires began trading some of their sovereign authority to larger political institutions to act as a higher power with loose enforcement mechanisms that they could use on belligerent member states. The logic of this move is that it would open permanent lines of communication while also acting as a check against rash action by states, especially those with the power to do tremendous harm to themselves and to others; it would also put limits on the types of antagonisms that exist between states while simultaneously constraining the ability of actors to use force on rivals. Moreover, these institutions would provide states with some degree of stability, the main motivator of states, so the reasoning goes. For a time, it appeared as though these governmental inventions would solve problems in international relations, including those that long prevented healthy relations between neighboring states in Western Europe and the Middle East. Yet in the last two decades, the small threads that hold together these institutions and their member states have become frayed and even undone. There are myriad reasons for these developments, and they are too numerous to fully explain. Nevertheless, at a fundamental level, it can be said that some of the resentment against these institutions, like the European Union (EU) and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), derives from the rise of free rider problems and further encroachment on the sovereignty of states. In the American election, for instance, then-candidate Trump criticized members of NATO for not meeting their financial obligations to the organization (Diamond 2017); during the Brexit campaign, advocates for the leave position derided the EU for its increasing intrusions on the UKs domestic politics (Foster 2016). As mentioned above, there are many reasons for countries and peoples to take issue with international institutions. The examples offered merely show two ways in which people have come into conflict with the leading international organizations of the day. Still, the why is not the focus of the paper; instead, it is concerned with another question: what follows from this? Without the presence of mediating, law-making, and cooperation-building international institutions, states return to the egocentric and precarious state of nature that Hobbes laments as hellish and brutal. To expand on this problem, it is instructive to look at Carl Schmitts friend-enemy distinction thesis. A twentieth-century German legal and political theorist, Schmitt was interested in political conflict, an idea he explored in The Concept of the Political (1932). He says that before there is politics, there is a critical and existential decision that states must make the friend-enemy distinction[SW4]. This inescapable and omnipresent determination is at the center of politics since the concept of the state (the domain of politics) presupposes the concept of the political (Schmitt p.19). It is here that states political creatures themselves decide who their friends and enemies will be. In sum, before there can be politics, Schmitt says, the friend-enemy distinction must be made (S chmitt p.20). From this point follows the political itself, which for Schmitt is violent due to the fact that political actions and motives to terms of friend and enemy (Schmitt p.26). To expand on Schmitts idea, it should be noted that his theory is not at all normative and that it has no underpinning ideology, aside from the vague realpolitik character of its attitude toward politics itself. In fact, Schmitt himself says that the friend-enemy distinction can occur irrespective of the particular features of the identified friend or enemy. He writes: The friend and enemy concepts are to be understood in their concrete and existential sense, not as metaphors or symbols, not mixed and weakened by economic, moral, and other conceptions, least of all in a private-individualistic sense as a psychological expression of private emotions and tendencies. They are neither normative nor pure spiritual antithesis (Schmitt p.27-28) This point is important to stress since some might wrongly interpret Schmitts book as an attempt to justify the genocidal practices of the Nazis. It is not. To reiterate, the friend-enemy distinction has no inherent ideological bent. Instead, it is only an analysis of the ways in which politics is based on and extends from understandings of enemy and friend. It should still be noted that the political is the most intense and extreme antagonism, meaning the friend-enemy distinction could well end in a large-scale, existential conflict (Schmitt p.29). Indeed, Schmitt admits that the enemy concept [entails] the ever present [sic] possibility of combat a grim reminder of the reality that politics, despite the wishes of liberals and utopians, is a deadly endeavor. In tying Schmitts theory into a world in which there are no international institutions, it appears obvious as to why the prevalence of nationalism throughout the globe could be problematic for foreign relations. If all a state needs to do is to independently decide that another state or some other people within a territory is its enemy, and if nationalism confers people with twin views of superiority and radical self-interest, and if there are no institutions to limit state action, then the potential for violence on a massive scale increases many times over. This antagonism makes the instability of global politics all the worse. As a result, it appears that nationalism is a great driver of conflict. But is that so? Is nationalism in and of itself a problem for global cooperation and stability? While nationalism seems prima facie antithetical to the system of international relations that most would want i.e., one in which cooperation, deliberation, and moderation are stressed and the use of force is eschewed there are still reasons to believe that it might be conducive to producing stability in other ways. Reflect on the reality of international politics today. Our age is a unipolar one in which the peerless US exerts tremendous sway over organizations like NATO through funding, sets the proverbial rules of the road in world politics, and breaks its own laws with impunity while also acting as a moral and juridical enforcer. This arrangement might be nice in that it allows European countries to spend less on defense spending, but it is concerning in a host of other ways. Because the US is so wealthy and powerful, it is able to impose its values and its way of life on other countries. Although this is not nationalism in the standard sense, the US is still operating from the p resumption that its culture, its economic views, and its conception of rights are superior to all others, and that permits it to interfere in the affairs of other states. And if countries run afoul the USs opinions on what is right, then they can expect reprisals ranging from sanctions to invasions. That is, unless that country in violation of those norms and laws is the US (there is no issue when it contradicts itself) or Israel or some other state that the US has given a special status to. While the behavior of the US may seem only hypocritical to this point, the substantive historical record is much worse. When assessing the effects of the USs actions since the Second World War, it is mixed at best and awful at worst. John Mearsheimer, a political scientist and international relations theorist at the University of Chicago, writes that the Americas obsession with liberal hegemony and its rejection of the more nationalist, noninterventionist realpolitik alternative has ushered in disaster after disaster at a tremendous cost to US taxpayers, the countrys prestige, and the lives of millions (Mearsheimer 2016). By seeing all non-democratic regimes as enemies, the US has committed to a crusade that has spanned Republican and Democratic administrations alike. The upshot of this approach to politics is that the US has been at war for two out of every three years since the Cold War ended a remarkable statistic that should give advocates of liberal internationalist policies, th e ones that are diametrically opposed to a nationalistic, pause (Mearsheimer 2016). Given that the USs friend-enemy distinction is so wide-ranging and austere i.e., it is against all leftist regimes and autocratic ones to boot it is worth asking whether a single, all-powerful nations friend-enemy distinction is inherently worse than those of smaller, weaker states with limited arsenals. A likely counterargument that a critic would level against the characterization of nationalism above (again, with nationalism referring here only to states acting in their self-interest on the global stage) is that it is irredeemably problematic as it is predisposed to bringing about war and other disputes. Look at the two World Wars, the critic would say, and see how nationalism driven by the friend-enemy reasoning Schmitt explains nearly annihilated mankind. Whatever the arguments are against US-led liberal internationalism, it is, all things considered, eminently preferable to a system in which self-interest and not egalitarian cooperative ideals are the guiding force in shaping international relations. These are good points, and the problematic reality of the friend-enemy distinction is amplified by nationalism insofar as patriotic political communities see themselves as being above other states. That said, there are reasons to see other friend-enemy distinctions as equally dangerous. For instance, throughout the second half of the twentieth century, the liberal West America, Great Britain, etc. saw its enemies as socialists, communists, and all other non-liberal left-leaning groups. The corollary is that it viewed all groups opposed to those groups as its friends. As Schmitt says, the character, morals, and ideals of the enemy did not matter, and neither did those of the friend (Schmitt p.26). Needless to say, this led to serious conflicts, including the Cold War and the instillation of unsavory authoritarian regimes around the globe, many of which are responsible for egregious human rights abuses, the ramifications of which continue to be felt. On account of those considerations, it may well be that the US would be better served adopting a more nationalist approach to foreign policy insofar as nationalism is understood as a cautious, realist conception of foreign policy. Were it to adopt such an approach, it would necessarily be forced to reconsider its existing friend-enemy distinctions, ones that, at present, are capacious, inconsistent, and ill-suited to advance the Americas immediate interests. Plus, as a democracy, there are various constraints on how the US would go about advancing its interest (i.e., acting), such as elections and a deep democratic tradition. That said, there are reasons to be wary of the US adopting a nationalist foreign policy as it would probably require the domestic politics to become more nationalist, and no one wants to reach the point where President Trump is calling Canada the Sudetenland, for example. But on the whole, a more nationalist modus operandi in foreign affairs would better respect the states rights to self-determination while also making the world a safer place by giving the US fewer excuses for intervening. Alternatively, if other states were to act more in their own self-interest and to step back from the US-dominated institutions that are themselves simply conduits through which the US exerts its influence, then there are reasons to believe that this could, deter US actions, many of which have been reckless. One thought is that a diminished commitment to the institutions that the US disproportionately funds might give America pause before acting; it might cause presidents and national security officials to think more about how their actions will be perceived than they do now, a fact that is partially attributable to the quasi-clientelist relationships the US enjoys with numerous countries thanks to those institutions. Another thought is that, by deemphasizing the importance of these institutions, America would be forced to confront other countries head-on rather than through NATO. This could disincentivize the US from acting and might even cause it to reconsider its friends and enemie s. Were there more space available, this paper would more narrowly consider the conditions under which a more nationalist foreign policy would be desirable and when it would be undesirable. Clearly not all countries are the same, so it follows that their interests would not be either. Examining countries security interests would be one way to go about exploring the conditions for a healthy nationalist foreign policy more fully. A final thought might be to examine the ways in which the USs friend-enemy formation affects its relationships with third-parties. Regrettably these are ideas for future essays. In conclusion, the world remains in the midst of a nationalist moment. Aside from the obvious impacts this has on domestic affairs, nationalism is also poised to influence world politics. Rather than view this as a negative development, it should be seen as a great opportunity for countries especially the US to adopt more cautious, self-interested approaches to foreign policy while discarding its failed, enemy-and-intervention-obsessed liberal calculus. Works Cited: Diamond, Jeremy. Trump Scolds NATO Allies over Defense Spending.CNN, Cable News Network, 25 May 2017, www.cnn.com/2017/05/25/politics/trump-nato-financial-payments/index.html. Foster, Peter. What Would Brexit Mean for British Sovereignty? The Telegraph, 19 May 2016, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/19/how-does-the-eu-impinge-on-british-sovereignty-and-if-the-uk-vot/ Mearsheimer, John J. Donald Trump Should Embrace a Realist Foreign Policy. Foreign Policy, 27 Nov 2016, https://nationalinterest.org/feature/donald-trump-should-embrace- realist-foreign-policy-18502 Schmitt, Carl.The Concept of the Political.Expanded ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007. Veltman, Andrew.Social and Political Philosophy: Classic and Contemporary Readings. 1st ed., Oxford, 2008.

Use Of Language And Context Voltaire s Candide Essay

The narrative techniques, features of language and context Voltaire used when writing Candide tells us a lot about this book and what Voltaire was trying to achieve in writing it. Candide is told by a third person narrator who is not a main character in the book and is completely outside of the storyline. The title page of Candide implies that the book was found and translated by Doctor Ralph who is our narrator. This is a fiction created by Voltaire to distance himself from the book and to help the reader to understand the satirical nature of Candide. Telling the story from a third person perspective allows the narrator to know all the thing the characters in the book do not. He is omniscience, knowing everything about the circumstances and the characters without being involved with them. This approach works particularly well in Candide. It allows the reader to stand back and see how disturbing the word Voltaire has created is. It also gives the reader space to understand Voltaire’s purpose in writing Candide without getting too caught up in the plight of its characters. It also really highlights how naà ¯ve and almost narrow minded Candide is as a character, especially where his philosophical beliefs are concerned. The use of the third person narrator really highlights the more unrealistic moments in the passage, for example: â€Å"Candide, having served with the Bulgars, performed the Bulgar drill before the general of this little force with such grace, such celerity,Show MoreRelatedLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 Pagesformal, topical, and thematic features.[7] The term coming-of-age novel is sometimes used interchangeably with Bildungsroman, but its use is usually wider and less technical. The birth of the Bildungsroman is normally dated to the publication of Wilhelm Meister s Apprenticeship by Johann Wolfgang Goethe in 1795–96,[8] or, sometimes, to Christoph Martin Wieland s Geschichte des Agathon of 1767.[9] Although the Bildungsroman arose in Germany, it has had extensive influence first in Europe and laterRead MoreWhat Does Organizational Change Mean?17842 Words   |  72 PagesLatour contends that ignorance of key concepts in scientific analysis is commonplace: We know very little about what causes sciences, technologies, organizations and economies. Open books on social science and epistemology, and you will see how they use the adjectives and adverbs ‘abstract’, ‘rational’, ‘systematic’, ‘universal’, ‘total’, ‘complex’. Look for the ones that try to explain the nouns ‘abstraction’, ‘rationality’, ‘systems’, ‘universe’, ‘science’, ‘organization’, ‘totality’, ‘complexity’

Humor and Violence in A Good Man Is Hard to Find

Flannery OConnors A Good Man Is Hard to Find is surely one of the funniest stories anyone has ever written about the murder of innocent people. Maybe thats not saying much, except that it is also, without a doubt, one of the funniest stories anyone has ever written about anything. So, how can something so disturbing make us laugh so hard? The murders themselves are chilling, not funny, yet perhaps the story achieves its humor not in spite of the violence, but because of it. As OConnor herself writes in The Habit of Being: Letters of Flannery OConnor: In my own experience, everything funny I have written is more terrible than it is funny, or only funny because it is terrible, or only terrible because it is funny.   The stark contrast between the humor and the violence seems to accentuate both. What Makes the Story Funny? Humor is, of course, subjective, but we find the grandmothers self-righteousness, nostalgia, and attempts at manipulation hilarious. OConnors ability to switch seamlessly from a neutral perspective to the grandmothers point of view lends even greater comedy to the scene. For instance, the narration remains absolutely deadpan as we learn that the grandmother secretly brings the cat because she is afraid he might brush against one of the gas burners and accidentally asphyxiate himself. The narrator passes no judgment on the grandmothers preposterous concern but rather lets it speak for itself. Similarly, when OConnor writes that the grandmother pointed out interesting details of the scenery, we know that everyone else in the car probably doesnt find them interesting at all and wishes shed be quiet. And when Bailey refuses to dance with his mother to the jukebox, OConnor writes that Bailey didnt have a naturally sunny disposition like she [the grandmother] did and trips made him nervous. The clichà ©d, self-flattering phrasing of naturally sunny disposition tips readers off that this is the grandmothers opinion, not the narrators. Readers can see that its not road trips that make Bailey tense: its his mother. But the grandmother does have redeeming qualities. For instance, shes the only adult who takes the time to play with the children. And the children arent exactly angels, which also helps balance out some of the grandmothers negative qualities. The grandson rudely suggests that if the grandmother doesnt want to go to Florida, she should just stay home. Then the granddaughter adds, She wouldnt stay at home for a million bucks [†¦] Afraid shed miss something. She has to go everywhere we go. These children are so awful, theyre funny. Purpose of the Humor To understand the union of violence and humor in A Good Man Is Hard to Find, its helpful to remember that OConnor was a devout Catholic. In Mystery and Manners, OConnor writes that my subject in fiction is the action of grace in territory largely held by the devil. This is true for all her stories, all the time. In the case of A Good Man Is Hard to Find, the devil is not the Misfit, but rather whatever has led the grandmother to define goodness as wearing the right clothes and behaving like a lady. The grace in the story is the realization that leads her to reach out toward the Misfit and call him one of my own children. Ordinarily, Im not so quick to allow authors to have the last word on interpreting their work, so if you favor a different explanation, be my guest. But OConnor has written so extensively -- and pointedly --about her religious motivations that its hard to dismiss her observations. In Mystery and Manners, OConnor says: Either one is serious about salvation or one is not. And it is well to realize that the maximum amount of seriousness admits the maximum amount of comedy. Only if we are secure in our beliefs can we see the comical side of the universe. Interestingly, because OConnors humor is so engaging, it allows her stories to pull in readers who might not want to read a story about the possibility of divine grace, or who might not recognize this theme in her stories at all. I think the humor initially helps distance readers from the characters; were laughing so hard at them that were deep into the story before we start to recognize ourselves in their behavior. By the time we are hit with the maximum amount of seriousness as Bailey and John Wesley are led into the woods, its too late to turn back. Youll notice that I havent used the words comic relief here, even though that might be the role of humor in many other literary works. But everything Ive ever read about OConnor suggests that she wasnt particularly concerned about providing relief for her readers -- and in fact, she aimed for just the opposite.

Analysis Of The Book Police Brutality By Jill Nelson

Huey Newton co-founder of the Panther Party preaches to the minority communities that, â€Å"Black power is giving power to people who have not had power to determine their own destiny† which is movement that formed for self defense against the U.S government. The Black Power Movement established itself in the 1950’s branching off of the nonviolent groups established during the Civil Rights Movement. Two major Black Power groups in history were Malcolm X and Black Panther Party that focused on justice for the black communities. These groups primarily fought against police brutality in their communities. At this time the United States that was gripped by white supremacy. During this time, Flores Alexander Forbes a fifteen year old boy had been running at his football stadium to make weight for a game. He was blindsided by several police officers that kicked and continuously struck him with clubs until he was identified as a student. This is one of many unjust stories fro m the book Police Brutality written by Jill Nelson that describes the life of African Americans. The Black power is an important part of the African American experience because it explores racial movement groups and the connection with police brutality. Malcolm X was a black nationalist leader during the 1950’s and 1960’s encouraging to do all that is necessary for blacks to break free from white supremacy. This occurred during a very difficult time in Black history when the U.S government was predominately whiteShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageslamentable. Taken together, the key themes and processes that have been selected as the focus for each of the eight essays provide a way to conceptualize the twentieth century as a coherent unit for teaching, as well as for written narrative and analysis. Though they do not exhaust the crucial strands of historical development that tie the century together—one could add, for example, nationalism and decolonization—they cover in depth the defining phenomena of that epoch, which, as the essays demonstrateRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesDowden This book Logical Reasoning by Bradley H. Dowden is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. That is, you are free to share, copy, distribute, store, and transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions: (1) Attribution You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author, namely by citing his name, the book title, and the relevant page numbers (but not in any way that suggests that the book Logical Reasoning

Discussion on Self and Community

Question: Discuss about theDiscussion on Self and Community. Answer: Introduction: Catholic social teaching/thoughts (CST) are a collection of moral principles that's been constituted by the Catholics across the past century. It mirrors Gospel beliefs of affection, harmony, equity, compassion, adjustment, service and society in the setting of contemporary social issues (McKenna 2013). CST is continuously improved by observation, judgment, action, and exists to lead us while responding to all the social difficulties of our dynamic world. The origins of CST can be tracked backward to Pontiff Leo XIII, who in 1891 wrote the missive "Rerum Novarum." For CST, the Pope established some fundamental guiding policies and Christian beliefs that should shape the way communities, and nations operate. It discussed the freedom, for instance, to act, to keep personal property, to earn a fair salary, and to settle inside workers associations (Massaro 2015). Principles of Catholic Social Teaching The founding blocks on which the Churchs wholesocietallessons sit are: Human dignity: Each single individual is formed in the reflection of God. For that reason they are priceless and commendable foresteem as anassociate of this human family unit. The dignity of anindividualallows them indisputableprivileges political, official, communal, and financialprivileges. It is the majorsignificantbelieffor the reason that it is since our self-respect as human beings that all additionalhuman privileges and duties flow (Thompson 2015). Human equality: Equal opportunity of all individualscomes from their innate human dignity. Disparities in abilities are elements of Gods stratagem, exceptcommunal, cultural, and financialunfairness is not. Esteem for human existence: All individuals, through eachphase of existence, have innatepride and a privilege to existence that is constant with that pride. Human existence at every phase is valuable and hence worthy of safeguarding and reverence (Berry 2013). Relationship: A human individual is not justholy but also communal. The mannerin which we arrange society in a straight lineinfluences human pride and the capability of people to grow. People attain fulfilment by associating with other people in relations and other publicorganizations. As the central point of civilization, the family unithave to be sheltered, and its constancy never destabilized. Involvement: Individuals have a privilege and a responsibility to partake in society, together looking for the welfare of everyone, particularly the deprived and defenceless (Berry 2013). Everybody has the liberty not to choose tokeep out from partaking in those establishmentsessential for individual fulfilment, likeoccupation, schooling, and political partaking. Common Welfare: Individual privileges are at all timesunderstoodinside the perspective of endorsement of the common welfare. The common welfare is in relation toregarding the liberties and duties of all individuals. The individual do not hold unregulatedprivileges at the cost of other people, but neither are personalprivileges to be minimized to the requirements of the cluster("Promoting Justice Through Catholic Social Teaching - Caritas Australia" 2016). Unity: We are a single human family unit. Our duties towardsoneanother rise above national, ethnic, financial and ideological dissimilarities. We are asked to exertworldwide for impartiality. The belief of unityneedsfrom every one of us that we should not worry ourselves only with our personal individual existence. We should be conscious of what exactly ishappening all over the globe around us. SpecialSecurity for the Deprived and Defenceless: The Catholic practices instruct to place the requirements of the deprived and defenceless first. The wellbeing of the public as anentiretyneedsthat. It is particularlysignificant we considercommunal policy judgments in conditions of how thosehave an effect on the poor (Roche 2015). Safeguarding: We are supposed to be concerned for the presents God has provided us. Thattakes in the surroundings, our individualabilities and other assets. Subsidiarity: No senior level of institutions (like government) is supposed toexecute any role that can greatly be managed at a subordinate level (likerelatives and neighbouringsocieties) by individuals who are nearer to the concerns or problems(Catholic.org.nz 2016). Relation with Self and Community The grounds for Catholic societal belief is the accuratecomprehension and assessment of the human individual. God has engraved his spitting image and resemblance on humans(Gen 1:26), bestowingon him an unrivalledself-esteem. In a logic, all Catholic communallessonsexpress the moralconsequences of anappropriatecomprehension of the self-esteem of the individual (Roche 2015). The perception of "social rights" has been embraced by pontiffs to share that every individual, as a descendant of God, possessesdefiniteprotections from maltreatment by others and valuesdefinitetypes of cure. Precisely, the Church has been influential in protecting the right to exist of eachdistinct innocent individual from beginning to normaldemise. Disagreement to aborticide and euthanasia arranges the essentialgroundwork for valuing human self-esteem in different ranges for example schooling, deficiency, and migration (Roche 2015). Grounded on this initial right to existence, humans also appreciate other privileges. In this, the Church unites with a choir of variousopinions in declaring the pride of the individual and the ultimateprivileges of human. Still, this seemingagreementhides very gravedifferencesconcerning the kind and range of these privileges. One of the utmostnotorious of these regions in currentethos is the appreciation of the household (Kearns 2014). However God did not makeman as anunsociable, for since the start hecreatedmale and female (Gen. 1:27). Their friendship produces the primepractice of interactive association. For through his deepestcharacter man is a communalcreature, and if not hecommunicates himself with others he wontbeable to live nor grow his capability. The country'sforefatherstookboldpaces to buildconfigurations of involvement, jointresponsibility,and broadlyscatteredcontrol to safeguard the radicalprivileges and liberties ofeveryone. It isbelieved that parallel steps are requiredcurrently to developfinancialcontribution, widen the distribution of economic supremacy, and create economicpronouncementsfurtherresponsible towards the collective welfare (Massaro 2015). In directive that the liberty to expansion may be satisfied by accomplishment: (a) publicmust not be stalled from reachingexpansion in agreementby means oftheirparticularprinciples; (b) through sharedcollaboration, all individualsmust be capableof becoming the chief draftsmen of their personal monetary and communaldevelopment (Clark 2015). A society discloses a lot and its associates might have a mutual past and an intellect of a collective individuality. They are destined together by traditional, governmental and financialarrangements, and articulate their unitedexistence in certified, radical and entertaining associations and assemblies. This web of relations reinforces the communal material and establishes the foundation of anaccurate community of beings (Myers and Weigert 2015). A Catholic consideration of community drivesoutside these structures, also, as it discovers its completestmanifestation in unity something which is desired by Divinity and is, certainly, a present from Him. Christians are invitedto the construction of a common, financial and administrativelifetime that matches to Gods plot (Catholic Social Teaching 2016). Conclusion At the core of Catholic societalphilosophyis athing both modest and honourable: astruggleto turn the activities and verses of Jesus factualonce morecurrently to alter and elevate social existence for all individuals in accordance with the gospel. CST is the meansby which Catholics, animateGods supremedirective to adore one another. CSTdemands all everyoneof us to spread out and formindividualrelations with thepeople ingreatestwant of compassion and impartiality. It furtherrequests us to motivate and guard the holypride of the individual, whereas also upholding the collectivewelfare. References Berry, B.D., 2013. Catholic Social Teaching.Proceedings of the Catholic Theological Society of America,58. Caritas.org.au. 2016. Promoting Justice Through Catholic Social Teaching - Caritas Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.caritas.org.au/about/catholic-social-teaching-values Catholic Social Teaching. 2016. Further Explanation. [online] Available at: https://www.catholicsocialteaching.org.uk/themes/community-participation/explanation/ Kearns, A.J., 2014. Catholic Social Teaching as a Framework for Research Ethics.Journal of Academic Ethics,12(2), pp.145-159. Catholic.org.nz. 2016. The Catholic Church in Aotearoa New Zealand | Principles of Catholic Social Teaching. [online] Available at: https://www.catholic.org.nz/social-action/dsp-default.cfm?loadref=62 Roche, M.M.D., 2015.Schools of Solidarity: Families and Catholic Social Teaching. Liturgical Press. Massaro, T., 2015.Living justice: Catholic social teaching in action. Rowman Littlefield. Myers, D.J. and Weigert, A.J., 2015. Interfacing Catholic Social Meanings, Sociology, Self, and Pedagogical Practices.Engaging Pedagogies in Catholic Higher Education,1(1), p.3. Thompson, J.M., 2015.Introducing catholic social thought. Orbis Books. Clark, M., 2015. Integrating human rights: participation in John Paul II, Catholic social thought and Amartya Sen.Political Theology. McKenna, K.E., 2013.A concise guide to Catholic social teaching.

Information Technology Management Infrastructure Free- Samples

Questions: 1.Define and Explain the terminologies: 2.Suggest a list of Information technology (IT)Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) andoutline the Advantages and Disadvantages associated with ITKPI. 3.What is SaaS and outline its Benefit and Disadvantages. Explain your answer.4.Study "Business Continuity with Virtualization" in your text book [Chapter 2,IT at Work 2.3] and answer the following questions:A.What business risks had Liberty Wines faced?.B.How does Liberty Wines IT infrastructure impact its competitive advantage? C.How did server virtualisation benefit Liberty Wines and the environment?5.Study "CASE 2 BUSINESS CASE: Financial Intelligence Fights Fraud" in your text book [Chapter 3] and answer the following questionsA.What data and IT problems were limiting FinCENs ability to fight financial crime?B.Describe the IT upgrades and capabilities needed by FinCEN in order to achieve its mission. C.On what does financial intelligence depend? D.Why is the ability to identify patterns and relationships critical to national security?E.Research recent financial crimes that FinCEN has detected and disrupted. Explain the role of data analytics in crime detection. Answers: 1.Business intelligence (BI) is a term that describes infrastructure, applications, and practices used to access and analyze information to improve decision making process and optimize performance (Chen, 2012). IT Agility is a metric used to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the IT infrastructure in responding to threats or opportunities in the market. SWOT analysis is a framework used to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats faced by an organization (Helms, 2010). Strategic planning is the process of an organization in defining its strategy and making decisions on allocating resources available to implement the strategy (Steiner, 2010). Enterprise architecture is a blueprint that defines the operations and structure of a business and determines how an organization can achieve its short-term and long-term objectives (Bernard, 2012). Management information systems is a group of systems that collect data from various sources, compile it, and present it as comprehensive information that can be used to make decisions in an organization. MIS and DSS is an abbreviation for Management Information Systems and Decision Support Systems which are systems that facilitate communication in an organization and provide innovative vision to senior management respectively. Cloud infrastructure is a virtual infrastructure delivered via the internet or network that includes services or products delivered to users via Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) (Mell, 2009). Data and text mining is process of discovering patterns by analyzing large data sets or data in natural language text (Feldman, 2007). DMS is a system used to monitor, manage, and store documents. Big data are large data sets that are analyzed computationally to identify patterns and trends particularly those related to human behavior (McAfee, 2012). 2.Some of IT Key Performance Indicators include Average date center availability and web server availability. Average data center availability is a KPI for measuring the degree to which data center is operational and accessible (Barroso, 2010). The metric considers all the factors affecting availability. However, it doesnt translate well to data center availability. Webserver availability measures the extent to which web servers are accessible when they are used. The metric is effective in defining the amount of time the web server will be unavailable. However, it does not consider various reliability factors such as power loss that can affect availability of web servers. 3.Software as a service (SaaS) is a category of cloud computing in which applications are hosted and made available to users over internet (Dubey, 2007). For businesses, SaaS has many potential benefits. SaaS model saves costs incurred in installing and maintaining on-premises applications. SaaS subscription enables companies to use various applications hosted on the cloud. The model is scalable and can support business growth. Companies only have to adjust SaaS subscription instead of investing in new IT equipment. SaaS is accessible via internet hence is available on a wide range of devices including PC and smartphones. It eliminates the workload of dealing with hardware and software updates and the need for an in-house IT department. Since the IT infrastructure, the companys data and applications are safeguarded from disasters that may occur (Bhardwaj, 2010). SaaS has various pitfalls which can adversely affect a business. Security is a major concern in SaaS as companies have to consider the cloud service provider entrusted with data and business processes and the issue of access management has to be addressed (Benlian, 2011). Despite the service offered, outages occurs due to various issues such as human error. Downtime can be disastrous for business operations particularly if an organization uses mission-critical applications. A web browser accessing applications hosted in remote data centers can have performance issues when compared to application running on the companys machines. SaaS market has many startups and many will fail which poses a risk to the data of business organizations using them as cloud service providers (Vaquero, 2008). SaaS model also have integration issues in cases where companies seek to connect cloud applications with on-premises applications. 4.AAs Liberty Wines expanded its business operations, its IT facility could not handle the increasing data workload. The companys IT systems had poor performance and required a lot of maintenance. This lead to a reduction in employee productivity and output which affected the companys business processes such as inventory management. BThe companys IT infrastructure lacks scalability which adversely affects the companys competitive edge. Without enough IT capacity, the company is not able to provide quality service which leads to loss of customers as orders are not processes on time. CServer virtualization enabled the company to reduce power use by 60% and the carbon footprint of its operations. Replacement costs for hardware was reduced and the companys applications had higher performance which enabled the company to provide better customer service and improved productivity. Additionally, the companys backup server enhanced reliability and the new virtual environment provided scalability which allowed business growth. 5.A.When analyzing data, FinCEN was limited to using small datasets which hampered the effectiveness of the analysis process. The bureau could not analyze large datasets and lacked IT capabilities to predict trends and maintain proactive analysis. It used multiple offline systems to report data to agencies which had to be cleaned and transformed hence delaying user access. Additionally, analytics and reporting gaps made it difficult for the bureau to detect emerging threats and assist in responding to criminal agents. B.FinCen has to upgrade its query and data analytics capabilities.An emphasis should be placed on upgrading IT infrastructures to handle the data analysis process. A robust database should be implement to store massive datasets. Upgrade its analytics capabilities can enabled the bureau to effectively collect and analyze data from a range of sources and provide them to agencies. C.Financial intelligence on IT capabilities such as data analytics, databases, and query capabilities that are essential in gathering information from various sources, analyzing it, and understanding its context. DThe ability to identity patterns and relationships in a dataset is a critical skill that enables intelligent decision making required in national security. Such ability enables agencies to predict events that can happen in the future such as terrorist attacks. The ability to discover patterns implies that the government has the capability of identifying criminal agents before they perpetrate a crime. For example, terror plots can be discovered and stopped hence improve national security. E.Data analytics is a key aspect of crime detection that enables agencies to discover anomalies in datasets. With data analytics, agencies can analyze data and identify patterns associated with criminal activities. For example, data analytics in the financial industry enable banks to detect fraud based on the patterns observed. Data analytics gives agencies the capability to scan for various criminal activities References Barroso, L. A., Clidaras, J., Hlzle, U. (2013). The datacenter as a computer: An introduction to the design of warehouse-scale machines.Synthesis lectures on computer architecture,8(3), 1-154. Benlian, A., Hess, T. (2011). Opportunities and risks of software-as-a-service: Findings from a survey of IT executives.Decision Support Systems,52(1), 232-246. Bernard, S. A. (2012).An introduction to enterprise architecture. AuthorHouse. Bhardwaj, S., Jain, L., Jain, S. (2010). Cloud computing: A study of infrastructure as a service (IAAS).International Journal of engineering and information Technology,2(1), 60-63. Chen, H., Chiang, R. H., Storey, V. C. (2012). Business intelligence and analytics: From big data to big impact.MIS quarterly,36(4), 1165-1188. Dubey, A., Wagle, D. (2007). Delivering software as a service.The McKinsey Quarterly,6(2007), 2007. Feldman, R., Sanger, J. (2007).The text mining handbook: advanced approaches in analyzing unstructured data. Cambridge university press. Helms, M. M., Nixon, J. (2010). Exploring SWOT analysiswhere are we now? A review of academic research from the last decade.Journal of strategy and management,3(3), 215-251. McAfee, A., Brynjolfsson, E., Davenport, T. H., Patil, D. J., Barton, D. (2012). Big data.The management revolution. Harvard Bus Rev,90(10), 61-67. Mell, P., Grance, T. (2009). The NIST definition of cloud computing.National Institute of Standards and Technology,53(6), 50. Steiner, G. A. (2010).Strategic planning. Simon and Schuster. Vaquero, L. M., Rodero-Merino, L., Caceres, J., Lindner, M. (2008). A break in the clouds: towards a cloud definition.ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review,39(1), 50-55.

Thomas Hardy analysis of three poems Essay Example

Thomas Hardy analysis of three poems Paper An epitaph is an inscription upon a tomb, in few verses for the casual observer to read carefully. It is usually carved in stone and is very synthetic. The Elegy is much more lengthy than an epitaph. The two genres differ not only in lengths, but also in subject matter, since the epitaph is a report concerning the deceased, the elegy is an expression of mourners sorrow. As for the setting and space, the epitaph is part of a spatial monument, the elegy of a temporal ritual. Epitaphs are normally about the deeds and qualities of a particular deceased person and they claim our attention; whereas funeral elegies are about the thoughts and feelings of those who mourn. Afterwards has an elegiac quality and embodies numerous sensory impressions and language used is emblematic of Hardys style. It is mostly complex in meaning. Rhythm, rhyme and punctuation, not only give an appropriately solemn, funereal quality to the poem, but these also guide the reader to the final climax of the poem Till they rise again, as they were a new bells boom. As with many other poems, the structure gives a sense of diminuendo; from Present to Future or to even eternity as implied by the former verse. The poem opens with an image of the personified Present that latches behind the speaker. Hardy uses the word postern which probably is associated to posterity and to the succeeding generations. Hardy refers to his life as a tremulous stay, this image connotes to the word tremor. Thus, he alludes to the fact that he was old, when he wrote this poem and is now concerned about what his reader will think of his work will the neighbours say. We will write a custom essay sample on Thomas Hardy analysis of three poems specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Thomas Hardy analysis of three poems specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Thomas Hardy analysis of three poems specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Although, the dismal tone which is perceived at the beginning of the poem, the language used conveys visual imagery of nature, which is perceived Delicate and positive. Thus, it is in the month of May, when green leaves delicate-filmed as new-spun silk vibrate in the breeze. Here, Hardy might have used this simile, to associate the new leaves with the innocence and youth that the poet has lost. The new-spun silk can be also associated with the silk of a cocoon, within which the process of metamorphosis occurs, emphasizing a new life (probably rebirth). The stanza then ends with a question posed to the reader; he is keen to know if he will be remembered as a man who used to notice the smallest natural elements. He emphasizes that people do not see such things. The tone of the poem changes into a dismal one, conveyed by images of death, for instance the word dusk. Moreover, this verse recalls the image of the dying smile and with an ominous bird a-wing; here its the dusk like an eyelids soundless blink and a dewfall-hawk that crosses the shades to alight / upon the wind-warped upland thorn (lines 6-7). Again, Hardy uses supernatural elements. In the third verse the speaker asks if spirit may continue to pass during some nocturnal blackness, mothy and warm. The latter, may evoke the idea of him being in a grave, in the nocturnal blackness. The author uses dramatic irony as he represents his death, the image is of a hedgehog that travels furtively over the lawn, which metaphorically alludes to his spirit that would do the same. As is the case in many other Hardys poems, here winter is associated with death in Afterwards. However, the full-starred heavens give a more positive attitude, also they rise again. This seems to be conveying the idea of resurrection of all mankind. Here, we may take they to mean also both ancestors and postern who have heard and will hear the bell throughout history. At the end Hardy looks on after death recalling the title of the poem Afterwards. Moreover, there is the image of those who will come after Hardy, gazing to the night skies and remembering the poet. With the poems conclusion, as the church-bells ring, emblematic of the comforting message of Christianity that we may be remembered affectionately by the living. The poem, then, becomes Hardys bell of quittance, a song celebrating his life. In conclusion, the poem possesses an eulogistic quality, in fact, Hardy would have wanted to be remembered for his love of nature and probably wanted to be remembered by this poem. The numerous sensory impressions of the poem, coupled with the conflict of faith and the informing details of Hardys life as a man of Wessex, make this poem a suitable epitaph for Hardy. During wind and rain 2. The poem depicts Emmas family, through Hardys memory. Hardy is visiting another place from his past with Emma, and again the harsh passing time is the major theme. As long as Hardy is alive, objects and places, as gravestones, will have her name carved on them. Here, he remembers a moment when the family had gathered to sing their dearest songs. Hardy evokes a memory of music and immediately after the reader is reminded of the passing time and decay. Ah, no; the years O! /How the sick leaves reel down in throngs. Thereafter, the music has ceased and sounds of the dead winter leaves being blown by the wind, are the only thing which can be heard. The word reel aptly conveys the idea of the leaves falling, as throngs evokes the sound of dry leaves being brushed together. In these lines Hardy is preparing the reader for the storm, while subtly and tacitly he is excellently describing what happens in ones mind when we remember somebody which we dearly love, but lost. At first, these memories bring joy, like music to our ears, but then we feel completely tormented by those same joyful memories, because those people who brought us that joy are now gone forever. In the second stanza, Emmas family is remembered during their ordinary activities, when elders and juniors, work in the garden to make the pathways neat/And the gardens gay. Through these lines we get a glimpse of Emmas family lifestyle. They used to live according to rural customs, in strict contact with nature. This relationship, is a very Victorian theme. In fact, Victorian poets used to find peace in their escape into nature, which brings them comfort and find in hearthside ease. Moreover, the aim of his representation of village life is thus done partly to metaphorically argue about those local values at the point of their vanishing, thus Hardys recording of family traditions, folk-tales, popular songs and dances, and the vanishing vocabulary of the Wessex dialect; and his registering the impact of other changes of rural life. Nonetheless, the white storm birds wing across the sky; announce the coming of a storm. Here, the title is recalled. Later, while they are blithely breakfasting all the wind removes the dead rose from the wall. The alliteration rotten rose is ript, are three simple alliterated words but convey a complex image. We get the impression of the winds strength and the fragility of the rotten flowers, the latter are probably a metaphor for old age when people a more fragile, just like the tremulous leaves in Afterwards. In the fourth stanza, the family is now moving to a high new house. Here, Hardy refers to their possessions as if wanting to highlight their material comfort. Thus, he might be metaphorically emphasizing their efforts and hard work which have been paid back to them. Although they possess the brightest things the rain-drop ploughs down on their gravestones; which implies that after their death, time will even erase their lives and only through future generations memory the dead can be brought alive by. In this poem Hardys rigor in structure and rhythm can be traced. In the second line of each stanza, we denote the members of the family He, she, all of them, then the Elders and juniors, the Men and maidens stanza and each stanza begins with the personal pronoun they. In stanzas 1 and 3 Ah, no; the years O! is repeated in stanzas 2 and 4 Ah, no; the years, the years. He also gives us an understanding of their rural dialect by using the exclamation such as yea aye in stanzas 12 and 4. The use of such slang seems at first to ruin the poetical style, however these words gives us more detail to who the characters were and reflect the rhythm of the song, sung by the family. In conclusion, During Wind and Rain is another example of elegy, it is a lament for the destruction which time and fait bring to everything. As in, In Time of The Breaking of Nations, it is the sense of the simple and ordinary, combined with a lack of particularity in the images, which gives the poem its universality. Rhyme is also handled very aptly and follows an abcbcda pattern, so the first and last lines are linked by rhyme emphasizing the contrast and at the same time continuity throughout the poem yea/play, aye/gay, yea/bay, aye/day. Continuity is also conveyed through annual changes which metaphorically mirror the changes in the human condition. What strikes the most is the poems richness of imagery and sound, which incredibly bring Hardys memory alive. He uses his memories to a further extent, to represent his life but at the same time everybodys. His poems are eternal. After a journey Hardy fails to Wither, O whither will its whim now draw me? . There is a desire but absent voice and a need to track the presence of Emmas ghost in the landscape governs much of the sequence, and typically Hardy does not discover the presence signaled by voice, but rather, at best, a vision of his dead wife as she once was which he can sustain only momentarily. In the opening line of After a Journey Hereto I come to view a voiceless ghost, eliminates the possibility of speech. Again, the poem deals with the immanence of memory and the production of an image of Emma; an image of courtly love. Probably, Hardy writes this poem in the period of recovery through his assertion that Emma will have, Dear, to vanish from me. However, Hardy probably love triumphs over time, asserting that alls closed now, despite Times derision. Hardys uncertainty and tension is even conveyed through the metre. The number of syllables in each line varies between 9 and 15, but each line is regular in that each contains 4 stresses. The title emphasizes the result of the undertaken Journey, however the poem seems to speak about the actual journey. It is about the poets resolution of feelings during the journey and retrospection. The poem itself is the vehicle for resolution and is the means by which the journey comes to reality. The actual voice in the poem is that of Hardys conscience. I come, he argues as if an obligation. The first two lines speak of a spiritual mourning as one might feel in forcing oneself to face the memories of one whom one has betrayed emotionally. Thereafter, the mood slightly seems to change into that of spiritual exhaustion. By using the word whim, Hardy possibly wants the reader to understand how he feels, as if justifying himself for viewing his wife as a ghost, he is out of control. The latter is also emphasized by the line Up the cliff, down. The stresses in this metre accentuates the fractured and uncertain nature of the poets thoughts. In addition, the up, down convey an idea of the poets loss of direction , who then settles down, as emotionally more deep lonely, lost. Hardy emotions are like Unseen waters, metaphorically symbolize life and the subconscious, which he confronts in this poem. Hardy s use of language is very apt, he describes Emma as a rose flush, which recalls line 23, all aglow. The image of her is intensely physical, perhaps implicitly sexual. The reader gets strongly engaged in Hardys memory. The sounds of wind and nature as a whole, coupled by the ghostly presence of these gray eyes and the direct speech lead throughout his journey until the final lines when surprisingly the ghost vanishes from him. As if awaken by the whitens hazily, the reader is now prepared to find a happy ending. Hardys ending seem positive and assuring. At the end of the poem, there is a harsh rhyme (lours/flowers) and a declaration which, it seems to me, can only be read ironically and hopelessly against the background of loss I am just the same as when/Our days were a joy, and our paths through flowers nearly as if stating but you are not. The Trust me though Life lours introducing this declaration might imply a recognition that trust may be betrayed.

Application and Evaluation of SSM as a Problem Solving Methodology Essays

Application and Evaluation of SSM as a Problem Solving Methodology Essays Application and Evaluation of SSM as a Problem Solving Methodology Essay Application and Evaluation of SSM as a Problem Solving Methodology Essay Introduction: Soft System methodology: The soft system methodology (SSM) from Peter Checkland is a qualitative technique that can be used in for applying System Thinking to non-systematic situations. It is way of dealing with problem situations in which there is high social, political and human activity component. This distinguishes SSM from other methodologies which deal with HARD problems that are often more technology-oriented. SSM applies System Thinking to the real world of human organizations. But without crucially without assuming that the subject of enquiry is itself a simple system. SSM therefore is useful way to approach complex situations and corresponding messy questions. Origin of SSM: SSM originate from the understanding that Hard System Thinking. It was developed by Peter Checkland for express purpose of dealing with problem of this type. In 1960 he goes to University of Lancaster in an attempt to research this area, and to deal with these soft problems. He conceives his Soft System Methodology through a number of research projects in industry and its application and refinement over a number of years. Usage of SSM applications: Any complex, organizational situation where there is high social, political and human activity component. Steps in Soft System methodology: There are seven stages in SSM they are given below: 1. Investigate the unstructured problem. 2. Express the problem situation through Rich Pictures. 3. Root definitions of relevant system. 4. Conceptual model. 5. Comparison of 4 with 2. 6. Feasible, desirable changes. 7. Actions to improve the problem situations. (1) Investigate the unstructured problem: It is first stage of managers and/or employees (problem owner) deciding the review or change of tasks and the way they are performed is required, and an analyst (problem solver) was called in. Soft system believes that the problem situation is more appropriate since there might be many problems which are perceived need to be solved. (2) Express the problem situation through Rich Pictures: In this first stage people think that there might be a problem or room for improvement, and initiate the analysis or review. In this stage they analyst collects and sorts information and provides some description of the problem situation. These are the information that we are looking for are given below: * The structure of the organization: those factors that do not change easily (e.g. building, locations, environment). * Processes or transformations which are carried out within the system: many of these are changing constantly. * Issues that are expressed or felt by organizational members (complaints, criticisms, suggestions, endorsements). * The first and second stages are an expression phase during an attempt is made to build the richest possible picture, not of the problem but of the situation in which there is perceived to be a problem. Rich pictures: These pictures are used to provide a model for thinking about the system and to help the analyst to gain appreciations of the problem situations. It provides representation of the how we can look at and think about the system. It can be refined as our understanding of the system becomes clearer, and what we want becomes clearer. These pictures are artistic and individualistic expressions, and therefore not right or wrong. (3) Root definitions of relevant system: A root definition is expressed as a transformation process that takes some entity as input, changes or transforms that entity, and produces a new form of the entity as output. Each root definition involves two important things. The first is that we must involve a certain view of the world. Definition of the world view is not always trivial. Also, not all world views may be desirable to the definer. Rich pictures will involve a variety of world views. Each root definition involves a transformation of one input to one output. CATWOE: Root definitions are written as sentences that elaborate a transformation. There are six elements that make up a well formulated root definition, these are given below: * Customer: everyone who stands to gain benefits from a system is considered as a customer of the system. * Actor: the actors perform the activities defined in the system. * Transformation process: this is shown as the conversion of input to output. * Weltanschauung: the German expression for world view. This world view makes the transformation process meaningful in context. * Owner: every system has some proprietor, who has the power to start up and shut down the system. * Environmental constraints: external elements exist outside the system which it takes as given. These constraints include organizational policies as well as legal and ethical matters. CATWOE is used for the analysing the analysis of root definition sentences, but may be used as building block for derive of root definition. It is also recognizes the need to account for ownership, performance, beneficiaries, victims and external constraints, which are important things to account for in documenting the system. (4) Conceptual model: Given a root definition of a system, a conceptual model can be drawn. A conceptual model is a human activity model that strictly conforms to the root definition using the minimum set of activities. System thinking is applied in this development. System Thinking: is an iterative process that combines three concepts. They are: * The perceived world: each one of us has our own views of the world. * Ideas: we perceived the world through the framework of ideas that are internal to us. * Methodology: there are many of these for thinking about the world. Formal system model: This model is applied to the development of conceptual model. It serves as a guideline for checking the conceptual model we draw. Lets S represents a human activity system. S is a formal system if and only if its the following criteria: * S must have mission. * S must have a measure of performance. * S must have decision making process. * S must have components which interact with each other. * S must have resources at the disposal of its decision making process. * S must be bounded from the wider system. * Components of S must be systems having all the properties of S (sub-system). Monitoring a system: This system consists of three activities: * Define a measure of performance: we can use any or all of the three Es for measurement of operational system. (1) Efficacy- does it work. (2) Efficiency- how much of work completed given consumed resources. (3) Effectiveness- Are goals being met. * Monitor the activities in the operational system, in accordance with the metrics defined in step 1. * Take control action: use the outcomes of these metrics to determine and execute action to control the operational system. However the three Es are not the only metrics that can be used. Many firms will use metrics including economical, ethical, elegant, and other metrics which may be dependent on the context of the work being done. (5) Comparison of 4 with 2: This is stage back to reality world. At this stage, conceptual models built at stage 4 will be compared with real world expression at stage 2. The work at this stage may lead to reiteration of stage 3 and stage 4. Previous experience of using SSM indicated that the comparison at this stage is not in fact a proper comparison of like with like. There are four ways of doing comparison from number of experiences. Four ways of doing comparison are given below: * Using conceptual models as a base for ordered questioning. * Comparison history with model prediction. * General overall comparison. * Model overlay. (67) Feasible, desirable changes and Actions to improve the problem situations: In stage 6, feasible and desirable changes are identified and discussed, and they will be put in action in stage 7. The purpose of comparison stage is to generate debate about possible changes which might be made within the perceived problem situation. The outcome of stage 6 and 7 for both hard and soft system is the creation and implementation of a system. It is more likely to be introduction of a more modest change. Normally, there are three kinds of changes: * Changes in structure, which is the changes made to those parts of reality which in the short term, in the on-going run of things, do not change. * Changes in procedure, which is the changes to the dynamic elements. * Changes in readiness to rate certain kinds of behaviour good or bad relative to others. Basic Framework of SSM Newport Business School (NBS): Newport Business School is a part of university of Wales Newport. It is governed by UK government. NBS is the best institution for under graduates and post graduates business courses. NBS ranked best in Wales and second in UK for student satisfaction. In NBS they encourage students and support them to enable fulfils their highest potential. In NBS students came for studies all over the World. Like every school NBS has also soft problems. In this report we will see the problems of NBS through SSM. Problem situation expressed: As we mentioned earlier NBS has also face many problems in terms of students prospective view. These problems are faced by students. Some of the main problems are given below: * The size of class is big in most of the batches there are more than 50 students. * There is no work placement after completion of course. * No tie-ups with industries for employment. * Less contact hours each weeks with tutors. * Waiting for staff to meet them. * No sufficient notes. * Insufficient information. * Library books are small in numbers and always borrowed. * No guest lectures. * Problems in MLE notes. * Resources are short. * No seminars. * Safety is not good as they are using old technology. * No industries visit. * Tutors are very busy. * Important information of results is not given properly. * No course representative. * Small number of presentation compared to other schools. * Not good facilities compare to other universities. * No help for weak students. * Finance department is not in the school students have to go to Caerleon campus and miss the lectures. * No facility of transportation after 6pm as it is far from city centre. * Fewer case studies. * Research is very low. * Less information evenings for students. * Tutors didnt give real problems to solve them. Rich picture: Rich picture of NBS Communication: * Problem of interaction between student and tutor. * No communication in case of emergency. * Tutors are busy. * Important information of result, meetings and module. Teaching: * Absence of presentation. * No seminars. * No guest lecture. * No industry visits. Resources: * PowerPoint, off-heads, cases, handouts. * MLE, library, IT suite. * Shortage of books, modules not available on MLE. Structure: * Tall structure Safety: * Security, CCTV cameras. * Poor technology. Feedback: * Hard to measure improvements. * No course representative. Root Definition: There is need for stronger management participation to solve the problems of the students of NBS. They have to ask the students about their problems and appoint there representative who can give suggestions to the management. CATWOE Analysis: Customer: Students and Parents. Actors: Tutors and Management. Transformation: Participation of tutors, stronger and better involvement in students problems. World view: From the world point of view NBS is doing very well thats why it ranked first in Wales and second in UK for student satisfaction. Owner: UK government. Environment constraints: UK government and Waless government to promote the business school and other existing business schools.

How to Understand Mandarin Chinese Tones

How to Understand Mandarin Chinese Tones While residents across China use the same written character system, the way the words are pronounced differs from region to region. Standard Chinese is Mandarin  or Putonghua, and it consists of five pronunciation tones.  As a student of the Chinese language, the hardest part to differentiate is first, second, and fifth tones.   In 1958, the Chinese government rolled out its Romanized version of Mandarin. Prior to that, there were several different methods to sound out Chinese characters using English letters. Over the years, pinyin has become the standard around the world for those wishing to learn to properly pronounce Mandarin Chinese. This is how Peking became Beijing (which a more accurate pronunciation) in pinyin. Using characters, people simply know that that character is pronounced with a certain tone. In Romanized pinyin, many words suddenly had the same spelling, and it became necessary to designate tones within the word to differentiate them. Tones are of vital importance in Chinese. Depending on the choice of tone, you could be calling for your mother (maÌ„) or your horse (mă). Heres a brief introduction on the five vowel tones in the Mandarin language using the many words that are spelled ma. First Tone: ˉ This tone is designated by a straight line over the vowel (maÌ„) and is pronounced flat and high like the ma in Obama. Second Tone:  ´ This tones symbol is an upward slant from right to left over the vowel (maÃŒ ) and begins in the mid-tone, then rises to a high tone, as if asking a question. Third Tone: ˇ This tone has a V-shape over the vowel (mă) and starts low then goes even lower before it rises to a high tone. This is also known as falling-rising tone. Its as if your voice is tracing a check mark, starting at the middle, then lower then high. Fourth Tone: This tone is represented by a downward slant from right to left over the vowel (maÌ€) and begins in a high tone but falls sharply with a strong guttural tone at the end like you are mad. Fifth Tone: †§ This tone is also known as the neutral tone. Has no symbol over the vowel (ma) or is sometimes preceded with a dot (†§ma) and is pronounced flatly without any intonation. Sometimes its just slightly softer than first tone. There is another tone as well, used only for certain words and is designated by an umlaut or  ¨ or two dots over the vowel (lü). The standard way of explaining how to pronounce this is to purse your lips and say ee then end in an oo sound. Its one of the hardest Chinese tones to master so it may help to find a Chinese-speaking friend and ask them to pronounce the word for green, and listen closely!

Impact of competitive environment and product life cycle of sony Essay

Impact of competitive environment and product life cycle of sony camera TF-1 - Essay Example The camera is also dust proof. The competitiveness in the market makes the Sony camera TF-1 innovative and progressive. The camera has a well-designed snapper, and performs better as compared to all other cameras in the industry. The company focuses on improving the resolution of the F-1 camera versions. According to GibaldI (2010, 41), Sony restructures its camera in a bid to have a competitive edge. The restructuring will help reduce the cost of manufacturing and improvement of camera quality. This company also seeks the design of camera its competitors are offering in the market (Sahlin, 2012, 61). This will help the marketing team to select the suitable camera to present in the market. In a wider sense, the marketing strategy of the Sony Company boosts the sales of the company significantly. Through the camera differentiation, consumers are able to visualize the cameras be offered in real time (Standage, 2012, 23). Sony, through the enhanced strategy of the snapper is able to widen customer base. Marketing influences the strengths and weaknesses of the Sony. The Sony Company also applies promotion to the determination of the number of clients made on a daily basis. The major goal for Sony is the maintenance of its current customers in order to boost the sales revenue. According to White (2013, 83), the marketing strategy that Sony uses is wide and varied. For instance, the cameras can be established using different design materials to ensure a new look. The camera design improves when the branding system is above board and effective. Branding, as is conventionally known can potentially change the TF-1’s look. Sony should, come up with fashionable design of camera that is able to demystify the use of other low quality cameras. The camera’s lifecycle is comprehensive because it incorporates the developmental stage of the camera and the decline stage of the camera’s performance. The

Midterm Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Midterm - Research Paper Example In this latter particular then, I seem to have slightly the advantage of him.’ Socrates’ argument is therefore that knowledge is not about believing that one knows something, but instead about knowing that one, in fact, cannot know. Socrates is driven to those said to be wise, because he wants to consider the word of God. On this quest, Socrates finds that ‘I found that the men most in repute were all but the most foolish; and that others less esteemed were really wiser and better.’ Socrates will then go on to explain this apparent paradox. His argument is based around the idea that believing one has knowledge cheats one out of actually having knowledge. The only true posit of knowledge, in Socrates’ argument is God himself. So, following Socrates’ argument, God himself knows that his wisdom means nothing, which is precisely what makes him so wise. Socrates returns to the argument over knowledge later in the Apology at which point he discusses fear of death. He argues that this, rather than making a man wiser, fearing death shows a pretence of wisdom, because death is unknown and an unknown thing cannot be known and therefore feared. Man does not know if death is a terrible thing or not and it is therefore illogical to fear it. Following on from this logic, Socrates cannot know if his beliefs are true, because wisdom dictates that no knowledge is regarded as certain. Socrates’ discussion of knowledge in the Apology is an interesting one, since it centres on the idea that nothing can be truly known. It subverts the common view that a lot of knowledge is synonymous with wisdom and replaces it with the idea that wisdom is the having the openness of mind to understand that any amount of knowledge is never a lot. In the Republic, Plato reports Socrates’ notions on ethics, connected with idea of justice. These ideas are related to the debate over epistemology in the Apology since they rely